Author
V.L. CHONG and C. SOUTHCOMBE University of Plymouth
and
I.M. MAY Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh

Abstract
The effects of openings an laterally loaded masonry panels has received scant attention. This investigation as a whole involves laboratory testing of 18 panels and the development of a non-linear finite element analysis. The results of the first five panels (two solid, three with openings) are reported and discussed. In the finite element analysis (FEA) for the material behaviour a smear model has been used in which the bricks and mortar are modelled as a single material. Comments are made on use of current design rules in the light of data obtained.